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Assimilation, Exploitation & Discrimination: The Unenviable Fate of Canada’s Indigenous Peoples_我的网站

一 |     今日NBA消息，来自达拉斯独行侠。         根据NBA名记Marc Stein报道，联盟多队正在密切关注欧文的情况，并且已经做好了随时交易的准备。         对于这句话，虽然简单，但背后的信息量属实不小；虽然已经是34岁的伤后老将，但欧文在同阶段年龄球员中的市场价值，依旧属于联盟第一梯队。         而从独行侠视角看，现在球队已经并非过去围绕东欧为核心的季后赛球队了，随着东契奇被送到了湖人，独行侠也开始重新确定未来核心弗拉格。         既然球队方向已经180度转弯，那么问题就来了：          对于34岁的欧文，还会是独行侠未来计划中的一部分吗？          同样也是来自于记者Marc Stein的报道，今夏休赛期，独行侠多次回绝联盟各队对于欧文的交易报价；但即便如此，等到明年2月11日交易截止日之前，独行侠能否守住立场依旧是一个疑问。

二 |     Pope Francis’s July 24-29 tour of Canada included a long-overdue apology to Native Canadians for the Catholic Church’s central role in abuses perpetrated at the country’s network of residential schools.,The notorious boarding school system was funded and organized by Canada’s federal government and run by Catholic and Protestant churches. It oversaw the forceful and systematic assimilation, abuse, enslavement and even murder of Native Canadian boys and girls from the mid-19th to late 20th centuries. It was a particularly brutal and cruel, but by no means first or only, tool of oppression experienced by indigenous peoples during the European colonialists’ history in North America.,“I am here because the first step of my penitential pilgrimage among you is that of again asking forgiveness, of telling you once more that I am deeply sorry. Sorry for the ways in which, regrettably, many Christians supported the colonizing mentality of the powers that oppressed the indigenous peoples. I am sorry. I ask for forgiveness, in particular, for the ways in which many members of the Church and of religious communities cooperated, not least through their indifference, in projects of cultural destruction and forced assimilation promoted by the governments of that time, which culminated in the system of residential schools,” Francis said at the former site of the Ermineskin Residential School in Maskwacis, Alberta on July 25.,The pope assured his apology was “only the first step” of “a serious investigation into the facts of what took place in the past and to assist the survivors of the residential schools to experience healing from the traumas they suffered.”,Pope Francis Holds Mass in Quebec During Visit to Canada to Apologize to Indigenous Community28 July, 13:01 GMT,Assimilation,More than 150,000 Native children passed through the residential school system over its 160+ year history. Children were prohibited, often by physical punishment, from speaking their native languages, having their ancestors’ religious concepts replaced with Christianity, and facing their cultural traditions and social norms substituted for those of the colonialists.,The first experimental residential school was opened in Brantford, Ontario, in 1833, but the system only became a federally-mandated, national, industrial-scale tool of subjugation in the 1880s after Sir John A Macdonald, Canada’s first prime minister, ordered the commissioning of a report on the residential school system model being operated in the United States.,The report, entitled ‘Industrial Schools for Indians and Half-Breeds’, became the basis for Canadian state-church cooperation in solving the Indian “problem” by removing indigenous children from the influences passed down to them by their communities and family units.,© WikipediaIndian Residential School, (Fort) Resolution, Northwest TerritoriesIndian Residential School, (Fort) Resolution, Northwest Territories© Wikipedia,Along with forced assimilation, students were subjected to other forms of torment, including sexual abuse by priests and teachers, forced labor, and slavery. As of 2021, the National Center for Truth and Reconciliation has been able to identify 4,117 documented deaths of First Nations, Inuit and Metis children in residential schools. However, new graves continue to be discovered, and former Truth and Reconciliation Commissioner Murray Sinclair estimates that more than 6,000 children may have died in the residential school system over the period of its operation.,In his bombshell 2016 book “Murder by Decree: the Crime of Genocide in Canada,” writer and former United Church of Canada reverend Kevin Annett challenged the NCTR over its conservative estimates on the residential school deaths, detailing the commission’s suppression of eyewitness testimony and archival documentation, and estimating that the true death toll may have run in the tens of thousands. Annett documented how the system included a monthly “death quota” and involved the use of germ warfare, and believes that as many as 50,000 children may have perished in the residential school network.,Exploitation,Residential schools were by no means the first instance of settlers’ mistreatment of Canada’s indigenous population, with Britain’s victory against the French in the North American theater of the Seven Years’ War of 1754-1763 sealing their fate of subjugation and colonial land grabs, as well as the relentless and cynical exploitation of the most loyal tribes.,At the conclusion of the war in 1763, King George III issued a royal proclamation declaring all lands west of the Appalachian Mountains and the colonies of what would ultimately become the early United States as Native territories, outlawing their settlement or purchase by colonialists, and requiring treaty negotiations for any changes to the arrangement. In Canada –organized from the remnants of New France under the name ‘Quebec’, lands to the west and north of the colony were proclaimed Indian territory.,Centuries later, scholars continue to fiercely debate the correct interpretation of the proclamation, and whether it was meant as a permanent guarantee of Native rights to lands beyond the then-existent colonies, or a mere opportunity for colonists to catch their breath before continuing an aggressive push west.,© Photo"The British Governments in Nth America Laid down agreeable to the Proclamation of Octr. 7, 1763," Gentleman’s Magazine (London, 1763)"The British Governments in Nth America Laid down agreeable to the Proclamation of Octr. 7, 1763," Gentleman’s Magazine (London, 1763)© Photo,Even as colonists repeatedly broke the 1763 treaty’s terms throughout the rest of the 18th and 19th centuries through wars of aggression and by taking advantage of divisions within Native tribes through cunning and trickery, many Natives remained loyal to the Crown.,Perhaps nowhere was this better exemplified than in the story of Joseph Brant, an 18th-century Mohawk military and political leader who led his warriors in defense of the British Empire during the American Revolutionary War of 1775-1783, and whose efforts proved decisive in halting an American advance into what is now Canada.,In return for the loyalty shown by Brant and his fellow Mohawks, Quebec Governor Sir Frederick Haldimand promised that after the war, his people would be granted more than 8,090 square km of land around the Grand River Basin in southern Ontario. However, after the war ended in 1783, the settlers would gradually chip away at their commitments, with the Native-administered area now known as the Six Nations Reserve shrinking to just 183 square km of land, two percent of what Brant was originally promised.,Brant’s story was repeated in one form or another throughout the 19th century, and today just 0.36 percent of Canada’s total landmass has reserve status for its Native communities.,© Wikipedia / National Archives of CanadaJoseph Brant, watercolour by William ArmstrongJoseph Brant, watercolour by William Armstrong© Wikipedia / National Archives of Canada,Discrimination,Notwithstanding decades of recognition by successive governments of the historical injustices done to indigenous people, and lip service to improving their social and economic standing, Canada’s community of 1.67 million Natives continues to struggle with a broad spectrum of problems more typically characterizing countries of the so-called Third World than of a thriving, highly developed First World nation.,The Council of Canadians estimates that some 73 percent of First Nations’ water systems are at medium or high risk of contamination, with dozens of indigenous communities still lacking basic access to clean drinking water, despite billions of dollars in aid doled out by Ottawa every year to developing countries, and over a billion dollars in support sent to Kiev this year amid the Ukrainian security crisis.,Along almost every social indicator, from poverty and access to housing to crime, education, and healthcare, Native communities continue to rank below other Canadians. Nowhere is this exemplified better than in average life expectancy. While other Canadian men and women live on average to an age of 79 and 84 years, respectively, among the First Nations, Metis and Inuit, these figures drop to 72.5 for men and 77.7 for women.。         随后美媒Basketball Ground也更新动态，晒出一则讨论：          “NBA球队仍在密切关注凯里·欧文在达拉斯的处境，独行侠已经表示不想交易欧文，但其他NBA球队都在猜测，赛季开始后情况是否会发生变化。欧文已经34岁，而弗拉格只有19岁。两位球星年龄差距如此大，夺冠窗口不一致，许多球队都预计达拉斯会在不久的将来交易欧文。”          理性来看，欧文留在达拉斯依旧是暂时的，等到合适的时间窗口出现，他大概还是会被摆上货架。         结合球队现状来看，独行侠确实正在进行一场年轻化改造，诸如华盛顿、加福德、克里斯蒂等人，今夏或多或少都被卷进了交易流言，欧文自然就不例外了。         只不过相比于其他人，独行侠对欧文的态度要暧昧得多，虽然没有明确宣布欧文属于非卖品，但也没有主动放弃欧文。         从这种模棱两可的处理方式来看，独行侠对于欧文的态度很明显，就是在等待市场报价；独行侠并非不想卖，而是这个时间点的卖价不够满意。         特别是欧文上赛季遭遇左膝重伤，对于34岁老将，这种级别的伤病足以让任何球队三思后行；所以，独行侠现在最聪明的做法，就是留下欧文，参考他复出后的状态而定。         如果他和弗拉格能建立化学反应，届时再卖，相比于现在的低价甩卖就又是两个概念了。         特别是参考近期独行侠曝光的训练内容看，确实给了市场足够多的底气。即便训练视频不能完全代表比赛状态，但至少从目前来看，欧文的恢复进度相当不错。

三 |          而目前市场上也已经出现了一些潜在方案，其中热度最高的下家，就是休斯顿火箭。         结合球队现状来看，火箭现在最欠缺的，就是一个能在关键时刻拿球解决问题的一号位，如果能把欧文放进火箭，那这套阵容就完全不一样了。         参考美媒曝光的方案计划，具体交易内容如下：          火箭送出：范弗利特、泰特，27年首轮和29年首轮；          独行侠送出：欧文，28年次轮。         除了火箭之外，猛龙也是近期美媒曝光的潜在追求者中热度相当高的一队，具体方案如下：          猛龙送出：奎克利、贾科比·沃尔特，28年首轮；          独行侠送出：凯里·欧文。         所以，最后把讨论留给球迷：          对于欧文，你觉得现在的他还能换到多少筹码呢？。

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